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Deer Population Could be in Crosshairs

Public comment being accepted on plans to restore historic forest, which some say means addressing the amount of white-tailed deer.

 

The National Park Service has a goal: to return native species to Jockey Hollow. And that could mean tackling a more controversial issue: what some experts say is an unsustainable white-tail dear population.

Wednesday, the service kicked off a three-year process to design a management plan for the Morristown National Historical Park.

A second public scoping session will be held Thursday in the auditorium of the Washington Headquarters Museum, 30 Washington Place, Morristown, from 2 to 4 p.m. Residents will have an opportunity to ask questions, discuss issues and suggest alternatives at the session.

Jockey Hollow, in Harding and Morris Township, is the site of the  Continental Army’s encampments during the American Revolutionary War.

National Park Service biologist Robert Masson said the park has seen numerous changes in the forest over its history, but since the 1980s, increasing deer browse and the growth of invasive plant species has changed the forest to a point that “native shrubs and plants are declining and there is more non-native cover. This is a trend we hope to change.”

Masson said the goal is to bring back balance to the Jockey Hollow forest that produces “a natural forest with a variety of species of natural trees with dead trees.”

The proposed general approach to the vegetation management of the forest includes removal of invasive vegetative species either by physical removal or chemical means; increasing the amount of light that reaches the forest floor through selective tree removal; improving the soil; experimental native forest planting; fencing off areas to keep deer away from native vegetation; and use of deer repellants.

The proposed white-tail deer management plan calls for deer fencing in targeted areas; reproductive control by surgical or chemical means; hunting; and lethal reduction without hunting.

The resulting review would produce a plan to guide resource management for 15 to 20 years.

The plan is guided by the park service’s General Management Plan that calls for the National Service to manage Jockey Hollow to reflect an 18th century landscape of field, forest, orchard and clearings present during the Continental Army encampment, and to protect and foster a broader cultural and ecological context, rather than an exact replica of the encampment period. The goal is to regenerate a mixed hardwood forest that reflects the historic character, natural diversity and natural processes, the park service said.

At the center of the discussion is the white-tail deer herd. While the number of deer in Jockey Hollow has increased and decreased over time, the current population is 50 to 60 deer per square mile.

The Morris County Park Commission, which operates adjacent Lewis Morris County Park, began a deer hunt in that park in two decades ago.

David Helmer, the park commission executive director, said the concern is the loss of plant life in the parks.

The park commission has done studies over several years that show that overbrowsing by deer has contributed to the loss of native plants, which in turn has reduced the number of animal and bird species that inhabit or visit the parks.

A recent aerial county of deer in Lewis Morris found 58 deer per square mile, a new park commission park said. A manageable number is 15 to 20 deer per square mile, the report said.

Helmer said the park commission has used a variety of methods to control deer, including annual hunts, fences and immunocontraception. Building a fence around a park is an expensive proposition, he said, but at Frelinghuysen Arboretum in Morris Township, a fence was erected to protect the woods and exotic plants.

The recent park report on the deer management said that the park commission implemented a trial immunocontraception program at the Frelinghuysen Arboretum in August 1997, in cooperation with the Humane Society of the United States. This program continued until early 2000. An evaluation of the results of this program found contraception to be an ineffective and inefficient means to control high numbers of deer.

Helmer said he also has concerns about how humane the contraception process is. Deer are captured, hooded, sedated, immunized, given drugs to come out of sedation and released.

Helmer wondered what the impact on all that trapping would be on the individual deer, and if the contraception was effective, whether it might impact the herd’s ability to raise enough young deer to continue the herd.

Harriet Grose of Morris Township said she “can see Jockey Hollow from her home.”

She said the problem is too many deer. “The forest is dying,” she said.

Many agreed with that conclusion, but what management plan to use was at the center of the debate Wednesday.

Representatives of The League of Humane Voters of New Jersey and the Animal Protection League of New Jersey called for an overhaul of the proposed National Park Service plan.

Susan Russell, a wildlife policy specialist for both organizations, questioned the assumptions the park service used to establish deer management guidelines.

She cited studies from Connecticut and Virginia that  challenged the notion that deer browsing leads to forest failure. 

She also challenged the assumption that deer browsing was a major factor in the spread of an invasive plant, the Japanese barberry.

The Connecticut study said that when Japanese barberry plants were physically removed, the plants did not regenerate. Russell asked, “if the park mechanically removes J. barberry, and deer do not spread the seed, and deer do spread native plant seeds, the why kill deer?” [Editor's note: An earlier version of this story failed to attribute this question to Russell.]

Russell said so many deer are in Jockey Hollow because adjacent land owners like the Morris Park Commission allow hunting and the deer escape into the national park. In addition, she said, culling the deer herd leads to an expanded range and increased births.

John Rogalo of Stanhope, an officer with the New Jersey State Federation of Sportsmen’s Clubs, said that in Allamuchy State Park, open public recreation hunting has been an effective management tool to manage the white-tail deer herd. In more than 50 years, he said, there has not been one off-site incident at that park.

He said that the National Park Service needs to be concerned that its vegetative management plan it does not create “a synthetic forest,” one with a dearth of native species.

Representatives of watershed groups and environmental watchdogs, including the Great Swamp Watershed Association, the Musconetcong Watershed Association and the New Jersey Highlands Coalition, questioned certain aspects off the proposed plan, but generally favored it because it would be one more method of protecting the region’s watersheds.

Information on the proposed National Park Service plan can be viewed here.

Comments can be submitted here.

Comments also can be mailed to: Mr. Robert Masson, Biologist,  Morristown National Historical Park, 30 Washington Place, Morristown, NJ 07960.

Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated the number of deer per acre instead of per square mile.

Ed

3:29 pm on Thursday, July 28, 2011

The only scientificaly proven cost effective way to keep deer heards at healthy population levels is through hunting. In these grim financial times we are facing in our state and country why spend/waste money to place fencing in targeted areas and reproductive control by surgical or chemical means which has proven to be ineffective? Just what is the cost to trap each individual animal?

There are alot of people who are out of work struggling to put food on their tables to feed there families, I am one of them. Let licenced hunters hunt the deer in the park and ask them to donate the deer meat to "Hunters Feeding the Hungry".

In my opinion this is a win win situation. The deer heard gets thinned thus helping the natural forest and struggling people get fed healthy meat.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

2:27 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

Actually, Ed, you're wrong!
Hunting has never been successful in lowering deer populations - science, in fact, has proven the exact opposite in peer-reviewed studies that have been ignored due to pressure from hunters who expect state wildlife agencies to supply them with great hunting opportunities. Since hunter numbers are seriously declining nationally, state wildlife agencies are doing everything possible to keep deer numbers high through managing for MSY, hoping to attract more hunters in order to sell more hunting licenses to fill their dwindling coffers.
FYI: CT DEP senior wildlife biologist Howard Kilpatrick published a co-authored abstract in 2001 in which he clearly states that in controlled areas non-hunted deer herds remained at the same number while hunted herds increased in size!
Feeding venison from wild deer to the indigent is dangerous because it is NOT required to be inspected as is venison from deer farms that is sold to the public or served in restaurants. Why are we treating the poor and hungry as second class citizens who don't deserve the assurance of being served safe food!
What you suggest being a win-win situation is actually a lose-lose situation in which the so-called deer problem won't ever get solved and the poor can get sick from unispected venison!

Mark Rabtzow

4:58 pm on Thursday, July 28, 2011

I can't believe hunting is even being proposed as an option, here. There is only one way we can humanly control this problem. A condom distribution program will stop 98% of the pregnancies. When used every time, and properly, they are proven to be 98% effective. We can raise taxes for this important initiative to form a committee, which will need to form additional sub-committies, to handle the purchasing, distribution, and enforcement of the new laws which will be passed to ensure the young bucks are using them. I can't think of a more effective means to control this problem.

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Alice Jameson

5:39 pm on Thursday, July 28, 2011

I don't know that our tax dollars should be promoting promiscuous sexual behavior amongst wild animals. Besides, without a proper disposal system in place, the forest would be littered with nasty mementos.

Sharon Maroldi

11:44 pm on Thursday, July 28, 2011

Condoms being too messy, we can use the tax money to pay Dr. Ruth and the Dog Whisperer to assist the deer in overcoming their lusty ways. Female deer who normally file head of household and produce less than two fawns in the 2012 tax year will be awarded an annual rebate of $200. Hopefully they will put the money aside and send the young'uns off to college one day, thus creating a long term population reduction plan.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

1:53 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

How sad that there are people who find the systematic killing of deer humorous!

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hoosfoolinhoo

6:20 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

That russell lady doesn't know anything about the management of deer. She made up a title for herself to fool people into thinking she is important. It's like she bought a toy police badge and convinced herself she can chase down speeders. It's both comical and pathetic.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

9:18 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

Perhaps you'd care to enumerate?
Which of Susan Russell's statements do you question and why?
And what would your credentials be?
Do you even realize how pathetic your statement is?

JBBaker

8:31 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

Hunting doe not create more deer no matter how abstract you want to be in presenting your case. You need to read intelligent, professional, and credible analysis on the subject. You can't extract a passage from a report or study and massage it to fit your world view, not with any credibility. You're trying to convice people that if there were 100 deer and 50 were killed, that the remaining 50 would reproduce more deer than if the 100 deer were never killed. That's as crazy a statment as was made by Susan Russell in the article.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

9:56 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

Hate to tell ya, JBBaker, but there's REAL LIVE proof of what you so vehemently attempt to naysay!
Ever heard of Westport, CT?
It's the ONLY town in CT that has had a hunting ban since 1971!
Guess what?
Deer numbers have been stable, the same at every deer survey ever taken!
In response to your question, that's exactly what I am telling you about compensatory rebound in hunted herds - twinning/tripling occurs at 38%, while in non-hunted herd only 14%!
Statistically, this means that after killing 50 deer, Mother Nature manages to convey to wildlife, as she has in eons, that they'd better reproduce at a higher rate so as not to become extinct!
This actually happens with Homo sapiens as well; for example, after thousands of men died in WWII, the baby boom produced predominantly male babies!
WOW, Mother Nature!
Peer-reviewed scientific studies don't mean anything to you, because you, of course, seem to be the resident expert.....

Barbara Metzler

9:49 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

The author of the article made a HUGE and SERIOUS error by saying there are "58 deer per acre."
He should have said "58 deer per square mile."
And, people should understand that these "counts" are not accurate in the first place.
I walk through Jockey Hollow all the time and I rarely see a deer.

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Ellen Parker

10:24 am on Friday, July 29, 2011

The article says:
"The Morris County Park Commission, which operates adjacent Lewis Morris County Park, began a deer hunt in that park in two decades ago...A recent aerial count[y] of deer in Lewis Morris found 58 deer per acre [should say per square mile], a new park commission park said. A manageable number is 15 to 20 deer per acre [should say per square mile], the report said."

Obviously hunting does not work to control deer numbers, if hunting has been going on consistently over a period of 20 years, and yet supposedly there is still a deer density of 58 deer per square mile. When will the general public realize that the whole hunting thing is a scam. If various agencies even breathe a word of any form of non-lethal management, the hunting forces will jump on them and demand a piece of the action, in the form of a hunt. The shooting will go on ad nauseum because, as Ms. Russell correctly stated in the article, hunting stimulates a higher rate of deer reproduction.

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Jon

1:19 am on Saturday, July 30, 2011

I love animals, but I would like to see every damn deer eradicated. They are destroying the forests everywhere. Every tree in my area is at least 50-80 years old. Anything young that starts growing gets eaten before it has a chance to grow. Bullets are a lot cheaper than fences. The reason that hunting doesn't reduce the population enough is that the season isn't long enough. The deer hunting season should be from January 1 through December 31 every year until the problem is solved. The only natural enemy of the deer right now is the automobile, and there clearly aren't enough automobiles able to drive through the woods to take out all of the deer who don't come out onto the asphalt to sacrifice themselves.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

10:23 am on Saturday, July 30, 2011

Strange love!
And why exactly would you believe that those "damned deer" are detroying forests everywhere? There is absolutely no proof except from those with vested interests that would love nothing better than to continue killing deer for recreation/trophies! Environments continuously change, they have for thousands of years; some plants die, others emerge, non-native species invade, and eventually become native, etc. - it's all part of evolution (that is, if you believe in Darwinism).
If you worry about 50-80 yr old trees, I doubt that deer magically grow giraffe necks to chew on their leaves.
You don't seem to understand that state wildlfe agencies have absolutely no intention of eliminating deer populations, they merely "manage" them for MSY so as to guarantee a good "crop" of deer to their only clients to "harvets"! Killing all deer would be bad for business. Your plan to eradicate all deer would make you public enemy #1 with the state wildlife agency and all hunters!

Barbara Metzler

7:02 am on Saturday, July 30, 2011

Hello! It's time for everyone to realize that we have so many deer BECAUSE the State of NJ deliberately propagates deer on over 327,000 acres for hunters to kill for "recreation." The deer are the victims of the State.
Be a bit more like a kind man who said...
Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gunsight. And after I've finished "shooting," my unharmed victims are still around for others to enjoy. I have developed a deep respect for animals. I consider them fellow living creatures with certain rights that should not be violated any more than those of humans. ~Jimmy Stewart

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JBBaker

6:25 am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

It seems that Metzler and Jarnstedt are reading the same proaganda or maybe even have a hand in writing it with Russell. If there is any attempt at proagation it's not by some covert State agency looking to destroy the earth by reproducing deer and giving the spoils to hunters, but in the spreading of their kooky beliefs. These are animal rights tactics 101, nothing more.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

9:20 am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Au contraire, my dear man - now I am really certain that you are seriously misguided and brainwashed by state wildlife agencies' propaganda truly wanting to lower deer populations! If you've got even an ounce of brains, you'd think twice before making such asinine statements again!
I often wonder, are hunters and hunter apologists really that ignorant, or do they only pretend to be......

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Steve T.

9:48 am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Natalie - the better version of that expression (posted 9:20 am this morning) is au contraire, mon frère. It rhymes and stays true to the language - à bientôt! Steve T.

JBBaker

6:34 am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Just as I thought, I ust took a moment and found that Metzler and Russell are part of the animal rights cult. They are part of some animal league association and the leader of the group is listed on the Anti Defamation League website as an extremist that locked hersel in a bear trap and is part of a press office that touts ecoterrorism in America. There's no credibility in any of the statements they are making.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

11:57 am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

..... there's no credilbility to any of your statements! Sounding off with soundbites from a hunters' playbook will get you nowhere because people who actually think, know better!

Barbara Metzler

7:53 am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Obviously, JBBaker does not know or understand what is going on and only wants to criticize people who care about wildlife. Even the State claims in a statute that animals are part of "The whole brute creation" and that killing is animal cruelty.
And, the NJ Departments of Agriculture and Environmental Protection are attempting to educate people about tree-killing bugs. Forests are also failing everywhere due to
fragmentation, sprawl, the draining of wetlands, the clear-cutting of forests, flourishing pests, fungi, pollution, invasive species, climate changes, and the acid rain that has been falling throughout the entire 20th century. In addition the soil in most areas was already acidic because the many rocks are acidic.

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TCG

11:09 am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

We all love animals. I enjoy looking at deer. They appear gentle and at one with nature. But when you consider the growing list of problems they create for we humans living in their midst, it seems clear something needs to be done to lower the number of deer in our area. If we were able to imagine the deer were instead snakes, cockroaches, rabid racoons or rats, we'd have no problem eradicating them tomorrow morning. It's their appearance and our collective memories of "Bambi" that keep us from simply eliminating them in large numbers. As with other crises, this one will fester and little or nothing will be done until Lyme becomes epidemic or until a child is killed in a car accident after hitting a deer. I don't know if the claim the state is trying to grow the deer population for hunters is true. If so it is not just wildly irresponsible but yet another waste of our scarce tax revenue.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

12:25 pm on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

You certainly have it backwards, like the planet of the apes! You love animals but want them eradicated? It's we who are creating problems; we "manage" deer for hunters' recreation through Maximum Sustained Yield (MSY)! DO question claims that the state is responsible for growing the deer populations, stop and ask: If hunting has been done all these years, under the state's guidelines, why is it that deer populations haven't been lowered (except after hunting season)? They're right back at the same number or above the next season due to compensatory rebound! WHY? The state wildlife agency creates the "problem" to get people concerned about Lyme disease and DVAs, to justify hunting that brings revenues. Your tax dollars ARE at work; when the state gets money from the Pittman-Robertson Act, part of it must be matched from the state's general fund (your money!) Studies show that deer numbers have no direct correlation with Lyme disease incidents! Lyme disease is not an epidemic.
Concerned with DVA's? Start with enforcing safe driving - distractions from telephones, texting, speeding should be blamed, not deer! When animal-related accidents are reported, only a small fraction are deer.
Do you want deer completely eradicated from the face of this planet? Have you ever considered that if all deer in your area were killed, deer from other areas would just move in to take their place - guess what, they can walk!

Barbara Metzler

12:59 pm on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

There is so much misleading information about Lyme Disease.
Borrelia burgdorferi is vectored principally by a hard tick, Ixodes dammini, which was first and commonly found on the Deer Mouse, (Peromyscus maniculatus). That, I think,is how the name "deer" tick came about!!!!!

Only the mouse is a disease carrier. Deer and squirrels and other wildlife, including birds, are not disease carriers. They can carry ticks, but they do not give ticks disease!

A 3-year study in NJ showed that areas with heavy vegetation had an average of 108.8 ticks per 100 square feet, whereas areas marked by less vegetation and open ground had an average of only 4.6 ticks per 100 square feet.

The reason? Mice need dense ground cover to feel secure. Mice have three principal requirements to inhabit an area: variety of food, nearby water, and ground cover, which is extremely important for protection, whereas open space is dangerous. So, when the deer eat the vegetation, the mouse leave and the tick numbers drop.

By the way, mice find themselves at home in lawns and hedges. Mice and ticks often hide in plants such as pachysandra and ivy and mulched areas.

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Barbara Metzler

1:02 pm on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Also, Dr. Rick Ostfeld, an ecologist in Millbrook, NY, said that a reduction in biodiversity limits other animals that the ticks may feed on. Therefore, if we kill off other wildlife such as deer or foxes, the ticks will then feed mostly on mice, increasing their chances to become infected with Borrelia. Dr. Ostfeld also said that cases of Lyme increase when there are no deer to attract the ticks and the ticks therefore land on people.

Most car accidents are with other humans rather than deer.
Drivers need to assume responsibility and drive defensively!

I drive past Jockey Hollow many times a week, and I have never had to avoid a deer on the road.

Most car accidents are caused by: Driving too Fast, People who are Erratic/Reckless, Inattentive, and Drowsy, Failure to Yield, Failure to Obey, Water, Snow, and Oil, Physical/Mental Condition, and Potential for Distraction (Such as cellular telephone).

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Barbara Metzler

1:34 pm on Tuesday, August 2, 2011

In reply to JB.Baker ~
Policy Statement:

Doubtless readers are aware that ad hominem attacks and personal aspersions in blogs and comment pages are generated by hunting clubs and individuals.

Be advised, however, that LOHVNJ will not tolerate malicious libel or slander against any of the upstanding, mainstream, and accomplished individuals who represent this organization.

Such "ecoterrorism" smears in New Jersey began with the recent establishment of the "New Jersey Outdoor Alliance," a hunting and trapping PAC with ties to the Center for Consumer Freedom (see Sourcewatch:
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Consumer_Freedom),.

The Center has attacked Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Center for Science in the Public Interest, Centers for Disease Control, and the Humane Society of the United States. It has been forced to retract defamatory"ecoterrorism" -- also alleged against the Sierra Club and the Audubon Society.

State Committee
LEAGUE OF HUMANE VOTERS OF NEW JERSEY

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Jon

10:14 pm on Thursday, August 4, 2011

a) That is a very poorly written letter, bordering on wholly incomprehensible.
b) I cannot find any post in this entire thread signed by anyone who asserted themselves to be representing LOHVNJ, so the letter appears to be out of place and irrelevant anyway.

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Natalie Jarnstedt

10:31 pm on Thursday, August 4, 2011

Have you ever consdered the fact that you may be the irrelevant one?

Barbara Metzler

12:05 pm on Friday, August 5, 2011

The letter he refers to may be incomprehensible to Jon, but most people can understand it. It was posted in reply to one by JBBaker 6:34am on Tuesday, August 2, 2011.

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